| | Pheromone Information Common Spellings pheromones, feromon, feromones, pheramone, feramone -
General Background For many years, scientists and enthusiasts have sought out the factors that influence attraction. While researchers speculated that insect, animal, and even human response was partially dictated through stimulating the olfactory system, it was not until 1956 that the first pheromone was isolated from the Silkworm Moth demonstrating its function in their mating strategies. Since, over 1000 different insect pheromones and numerous animal pheromones have been discovered all playing different roles. Ants use pheromones to help find their way back home after seeking out food, and similarly have the capability to detect a foreign ant by its separate pheromone identity. Ever wonder why killing a bee attracts additional ones? Their pheromone secretion alerts other members of the hive to danger and in a military type fashion, calls for reinforcements.
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Pheromone Uses in Humans In 1971, Martha McClinock performed profound research on the synchronization of women's menstrual cycles founded from the secretion of primer effect type pheromones. Other peer-reviewed studies have demonstrated the ability for pheromones to provide newborn babies the ability to detect their mother's scent within amazingly short periods of time. In more relational studies, results found asserted effects on mood, with pheromone users reporting calming or happiness inducing effects. Multiple studies using androstenone have demonstrated positive rating effects through the use of pictures. Test subjects rated pictures of humans to be more attractive, confident, etc. when being exposed to a dab of androstenone on their upper lip. As the media became exposed to products containing true pheromone isolation and its effectiveness for the use of attraction, networks began to perform their own experiments and researching studies often finding the same result. Pheromones do have a profound effect even in humans, despite their complex nature. Links to these works from CNN and ABC can be found below.
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Direction of Current Scientific Research Since the isolation and furthered understanding of pheromone use in humans has become more available, commercial products have hit the market boasting a plethora of formulations, combinations, scents, shapes, and sizes. While most product claims are excessive, the merit for increasing attraction actually exists. In the peer-reviewed study below, a commercial pheromone combination was found to have significant effects in several attraction-related areas:
Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in men.
Cutler WB, Friedmann E, McCoy NL.
"This study tested whether synthesized human male pheromones increase the sociosexual behavior of men. Thirty-eight heterosexual men, ages 26-42, completed a 2-week baseline period and 6-week placebo-controlled, double-blind trial testing a pheromone "designed to improve the romance in their lives." Each subject kept daily behavioral records for 6 sociosexual behaviors: petting/affection/kissing, formal dates, informal dates, sleeping next to a romantic partner, sexual intercourse, and self-stimulation to ejaculation (masturbation) and FAXed them each week. Significantly more pheromone than placebo users increased above baseline in sexual intercourse and sleeping with a romantic partner. There was a tendency for more pheromone than placebo users to increase above baseline in petting/affection/kissing, and informal dates, but not in self-stimulation to ejaculation or in formal dates. A significantly larger proportion of pheromone than placebo users increased in > or = 2 and > or = 3 of the 5 sociosexual behaviors involving a female partner. Thus, there was a significant increase in male sociosexual behaviors in which a woman's sexual interest and cooperation plays a role but not in male masturbation which involves only the man. These initial data need replication but suggest that human male pheromones affected the sexual attractiveness of men to women."
For the layman, the application of the pheromone product resulted in an increase of the number of dates, affection from those dates, sexual intercourse, and increased frequency of sleeping with a romantic partner. The study holds its significance in that other test subjects using a product that contained no pheromones did not alter significantly in these categories.
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